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Revenue Analyses:
Income Tax Analyses:
Numbers — Charts:
States Ad Valorem Tax Rank
Compare state and local revenues for the 50 states against state growth and population.
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| US State and Local Government Ad valorem Taxes | ranked by: percent GDP -5yr -1yr Fiscal Year 2018 +1yr +5yr |
| State | State Revenue | Local Revenue | State and Local Revenue  | ||||
| District of Columbia | 0.00% | 3.75% | 3.75% | more | |||
| Oregon | 1.24% | 3.36% | 4.60% | more | |||
| Georgia | 1.79% | 2.87% | 4.66% | more | |||
| Delaware | 3.15% | 1.51% | 4.66% | more | |||
| Utah | 2.30% | 2.70% | 5.00% | more | |||
| North Carolina | 2.55% | 2.54% | 5.09% | more | |||
| Virginia | 1.59% | 3.53% | 5.11% | more | |||
| Kentucky | 3.35% | 1.89% | 5.24% | more | |||
| Massachusetts | 1.96% | 3.32% | 5.28% | more | |||
| Missouri | 1.93% | 3.38% | 5.30% | more | |||
| Indiana | 3.41% | 2.02% | 5.43% | more | |||
| Tennessee | 3.35% | 2.14% | 5.49% | more | |||
| Alabama | 2.90% | 2.67% | 5.57% | more | |||
| Oklahoma | 2.91% | 2.74% | 5.65% | more | |||
| Maryland | 2.89% | 2.81% | 5.71% | more | |||
| California | 2.44% | 3.27% | 5.71% | more | |||
| Colorado | 1.77% | 4.04% | 5.81% | more | |||
| Ohio | 3.03% | 2.84% | 5.86% | more | |||
| South Carolina | 2.41% | 3.52% | 5.93% | more | |||
| Idaho | 3.51% | 2.44% | 5.94% | more | |||
| Nebraska | 2.12% | 3.85% | 5.97% | more | |||
| Wisconsin | 2.89% | 3.10% | 5.99% | more | |||
| Montana | 2.98% | 3.08% | 6.06% | more | |||
| Michigan | 3.60% | 2.49% | 6.09% | more | |||
| Minnesota | 3.61% | 2.49% | 6.10% | more | |||
| Iowa | 2.98% | 3.14% | 6.11% | more | |||
| Alaska | 2.67% | 3.48% | 6.15% | more | |||
| All states combined | 2.83% | 3.35% | 6.18% | more | |||
| Pennsylvania | 3.26% | 3.01% | 6.27% | more | |||
| Arizona | 3.22% | 3.16% | 6.37% | more | |||
| Kansas | 3.28% | 3.20% | 6.48% | more | |||
| Louisiana | 3.02% | 3.51% | 6.54% | more | |||
| Illinois | 2.52% | 4.16% | 6.68% | more | |||
| New York | 1.88% | 4.84% | 6.73% | more | |||
| West Virginia | 4.24% | 2.65% | 6.89% | more | |||
| Connecticut | 3.00% | 4.01% | 7.01% | more | |||
| South Dakota | 3.53% | 3.50% | 7.04% | more | |||
| Texas | 3.34% | 3.77% | 7.10% | more | |||
| Arkansas | 5.08% | 2.03% | 7.11% | more | |||
| Wyoming | 4.64% | 2.76% | 7.40% | more | |||
| New Mexico | 4.41% | 3.03% | 7.44% | more | |||
| New Hampshire | 2.41% | 5.09% | 7.51% | more | |||
| Florida | 4.06% | 3.56% | 7.62% | more | |||
| Washington | 4.66% | 3.01% | 7.68% | more | |||
| New Jersey | 2.92% | 4.96% | 7.88% | more | |||
| Rhode Island | 3.40% | 4.49% | 7.90% | more | |||
| Mississippi | 4.95% | 2.95% | 7.90% | more | |||
| Nevada | 5.31% | 2.93% | 8.24% | more | |||
| Maine | 3.96% | 4.60% | 8.56% | more | |||
| Hawaii | 5.65% | 2.97% | 8.62% | more | |||
| North Dakota | 6.18% | 2.59% | 8.77% | more | |||
| Vermont | 7.03% | 2.02% | 9.05% | more | |||
| Notes: actual estimated Data Sources: | |||||||
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Data Sources for 2018:
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Federal Deficit, Receipts, Outlays Actuals for FY 2025
On October 16, 2025, the US Treasury reported in its Monthly Treasury Statement (and xlsx) for September that the federal deficit for FY 2025 ending September 30, 2025, was $1,775 billion. Here are the numbers, including total receipts, total outlays, and deficit compared with the numbers projected in the FY 2025 federal budget published in February 2024:
| Federal Finances FY 2025 Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Budget billions | Outcome billions | ||
| Receipts | $5,485 | $5,235 | |
| Outlays | $7,226 | $7,010 | |
| Deficit | $1,781 | $1,775 | |
We use the spending projections from the FY 2025 budget because the Federal government did not publish spending projections in its Budget for Fiscal Year 2026 as originally published in May 2025.
The Monthly Treasury Statement includes "Table 4: Receipts of the United States Government, September 2025 and Other Periods." This table of receipts by source is used for usgovernmentspending.com to post details of federal receipt actuals for FY 2025. usdgovernmentspending.com obtains the data for outlays and receipts from apis at fiscaldata.treasury.gov.
This MTS report on FY 2025 actuals is a problem for usgovernmentspending.com because this site uses Historical Table 3.2--Outlays by Function and Subfunction from the Budget of the United States as its basic source for federal subfunction outlays. But the Monthly Treasury Statement only includes "Table 9. Summary of Receipts by Source, and Outlays by Function of the U.S. Government, September 2025 and Other Periods". Subfunction amounts don't get reported until the FY27 budget in February 2026. Until then usgovernmentspending.com estimates actual outlays by "subfunction" for FY 2025 by factoring subfunction budgeted amounts for FY25 by the ratio between relevant actual and budgeted "function" amounts where actual outlays by subfunction cannot be gleaned from the Monthly Treasury Statement.
On September 11, 2025 we updated the state and local spending and revenue for FY 2023 using the new Census Bureau ...
In March 2025 the US Census Bureau released data on state finances for FY 2023 here and ...
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